Web — TypeScript and React (Next.js)

These are the steps to set up and run a simple TypeScript Web app that calls into a shared core.

Create a Next.js App

For this walk-through, we'll use the pnpm package manager for no reason other than we like it the most!

Let's create a simple Next.js app for TypeScript, using pnpx (from pnpm). You can probably accept the defaults.

pnpx create-next-app@latest

Compile our Rust shared library

When we build our app, we also want to compile the Rust core to WebAssembly so that it can be referenced from our code.

To do this, we'll use wasm-pack, which you can install like this:

# with homebrew
brew install wasm-pack

# or directly
curl https://rustwasm.github.io/wasm-pack/installer/init.sh -sSf | sh

Now that we have wasm-pack installed, we can build our shared library to WebAssembly for the browser.

(cd shared && wasm-pack build --target web)

{
  "scripts": {
    "build": "pnpm run wasm:build && next build",
    "dev": "pnpm run wasm:build && next dev",
    "wasm:build": "cd ../shared && wasm-pack build --target web"
  }
}

Add the shared library as a Wasm package to your web-nextjs project

cd web-nextjs
pnpm add ../shared/pkg

Add the Shared Types

To generate the shared types for TypeScript, we can just run cargo build from the root of our repository. You can check that they have been generated correctly:

ls --tree shared_types/generated/typescript
shared_types/generated/typescript
├── bincode
│  ├── bincodeDeserializer.d.ts
│  ├── bincodeDeserializer.js
│  ├── bincodeDeserializer.ts
│  ├── bincodeSerializer.d.ts
│  ├── bincodeSerializer.js
│  ├── bincodeSerializer.ts
│  ├── mod.d.ts
│  ├── mod.js
│  └── mod.ts
├── node_modules
│  └── typescript -> .pnpm/typescript@4.8.4/node_modules/typescript
├── package.json
├── pnpm-lock.yaml
├── serde
│  ├── binaryDeserializer.d.ts
│  ├── binaryDeserializer.js
│  ├── binaryDeserializer.ts
│  ├── binarySerializer.d.ts
│  ├── binarySerializer.js
│  ├── binarySerializer.ts
│  ├── deserializer.d.ts
│  ├── deserializer.js
│  ├── deserializer.ts
│  ├── mod.d.ts
│  ├── mod.js
│  ├── mod.ts
│  ├── serializer.d.ts
│  ├── serializer.js
│  ├── serializer.ts
│  ├── types.d.ts
│  ├── types.js
│  └── types.ts
├── tsconfig.json
└── types
   ├── shared_types.d.ts
   ├── shared_types.js
   └── shared_types.ts

You can see that it also generates an npm package that we can add directly to our project.

pnpm add ../shared_types/generated/typescript

Create some UI

Simple counter example

A simple app that increments, decrements and resets a counter.

Wrap the core to support capabilities

First, let's add some boilerplate code to wrap our core and handle the capabilities that we are using. For this example, we only need to support the Render capability, which triggers a render of the UI.

Edit src/app/core.ts to look like the following. This code sends our (UI-generated) events to the core, and handles any effects that the core asks for. In this simple example, we aren't calling any HTTP APIs or handling any side effects other than rendering the UI, so we just handle this render effect by updating the component's view hook with the core's ViewModel.

Notice that we have to serialize and deserialize the data that we pass between the core and the shell. This is because the core is running in a separate WebAssembly instance, and so we can't just pass the data directly.

import type { Dispatch, SetStateAction } from "react";

import { process_event, view } from "shared/shared";
import type { Effect, Event } from "shared_types/types/shared_types";
import {
  EffectVariantRender,
  ViewModel,
  Request,
} from "shared_types/types/shared_types";
import {
  BincodeSerializer,
  BincodeDeserializer,
} from "shared_types/bincode/mod";

export function update(
  event: Event,
  callback: Dispatch<SetStateAction<ViewModel>>
) {
  console.log("event", event);

  const serializer = new BincodeSerializer();
  event.serialize(serializer);

  const effects = process_event(serializer.getBytes());

  const requests = deserializeRequests(effects);
  for (const { uuid, effect } of requests) {
    processEffect(uuid, effect, callback);
  }
}

function processEffect(
  _uuid: number[],
  effect: Effect,
  callback: Dispatch<SetStateAction<ViewModel>>
) {
  console.log("effect", effect);

  switch (effect.constructor) {
    case EffectVariantRender: {
      callback(deserializeView(view()));
      break;
    }
  }
}

function deserializeRequests(bytes: Uint8Array): Request[] {
  const deserializer = new BincodeDeserializer(bytes);
  const len = deserializer.deserializeLen();
  const requests: Request[] = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    const request = Request.deserialize(deserializer);
    requests.push(request);
  }
  return requests;
}

function deserializeView(bytes: Uint8Array): ViewModel {
  return ViewModel.deserialize(new BincodeDeserializer(bytes));
}

Create a component to render the UI

Edit src/app/page.tsx to look like the following. This code loads the WebAssembly core and sends it an initial event. Notice that we pass the setState hook to the update function so that we can update the state in response to a render effect from the core.

"use client";

import type { NextPage } from "next";
import Head from "next/head";
import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";

import init_core from "shared/shared";
import {
  ViewModel,
  EventVariantReset,
  EventVariantIncrement,
  EventVariantDecrement,
} from "shared_types/types/shared_types";

import { update } from "./core";

const Home: NextPage = () => {
  const [view, setView] = useState(new ViewModel("0"));

  const initialized = useRef(false);
  useEffect(
    () => {
      if (!initialized.current) {
        initialized.current = true;

        init_core().then(() => {
          // Initial event
          update(new EventVariantReset(), setView);
        });
      }
    },
    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
    /*once*/ []
  );

  return (
    <>
      <Head>
        <title>Next.js Counter</title>
      </Head>

      <main>
        <section className="box container has-text-centered m-5">
          <p className="is-size-5">{view.count}</p>
          <div className="buttons section is-centered">
            <button
              className="button is-primary is-danger"
              onClick={() => update(new EventVariantReset(), setView)}
            >
              {"Reset"}
            </button>
            <button
              className="button is-primary is-success"
              onClick={() => update(new EventVariantIncrement(), setView)}
            >
              {"Increment"}
            </button>
            <button
              className="button is-primary is-warning"
              onClick={() => update(new EventVariantDecrement(), setView)}
            >
              {"Decrement"}
            </button>
          </div>
        </section>
      </main>
    </>
  );
};

export default Home;

Now all we need is some CSS. First add the Bulma package, and then import it in layout.tsx.

pnpm add bulma

import "bulma/css/bulma.css";
import type { Metadata } from "next";
import { Inter } from "next/font/google";

const inter = Inter({ subsets: ["latin"] });

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: "Crux Simple Counter Example",
  description: "Rust Core, TypeScript Shell (NextJS)",
};

export default function RootLayout({
  children,
}: {
  children: React.ReactNode;
}) {
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <body className={inter.className}>{children}</body>
    </html>
  );
}

Build and serve our app

We can build our app, and serve it for the browser, in one simple step.

pnpm dev